Leviticus & Hebrews
LEVITICUS: and knowing Jesus better
Leviticus is not a longwinded list of religious “hoops” God forced Israel to jump through - it is a powerful and moving picture of the lengths God goes to to keep the door open to relationship with his people. Is it foreign? yes! Is it frustrating to read sometimes? Certainly! And yet it is difficult to make sense of the New Testament and Jesus’ own importance without understanding this piece of scripture.
A One-Page Diagram
of the sacrifices detailed
in Leviticus 1-7
DOWNLOAD DIAGRAM
This 1-page PDF summarises the 5 key types of sacrifice that Leviticus opens by detailing… in great detail! But they are worth being familiar with - they paint a rich picture of the kind of depth God wishes to enjoy in how he relates to his people, both ancient Israel and us!
A One-Page diagram
of the Purity laws detailed
in Leviticus 11-15 + 17-20
DOWNLOAD DIAGRAM
This 1-page PDF summarises not only the key categories of the Purity code of Leviticus, but shows how they actually serve as an illustrated story of God’s dealings with his people - a story reflected in Jesus’ work in the New Testament.
LEVITICUS Q&A Posts
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In Sydney ministers do not tend to be referred to as “Priests” largely out of a concern to distinguish very clearly the difference between the nature of Jesus’ priestly service and those who oversee church communities. To explore the language the New Testament often uses to speak about church leadership click this LINK
However it is not altogether inappropriate to use priestly language in describing those who serve the church. Here are a few points to consider.The Levitical High Priest i. mediated between God and his people, exercising an access to God that not all people or even all priests enjoyed. Jesus’ high priesthood fulfils that role now exclusively; he has entered a heavenly sanctuary that no other human has access to.
The Levitical priesthood also ministered by way of facilitating the people’s worship of God and a teaching/instruction role with respect to God’s word (Lev 10:11). Those ordained as Overseers and Deacons in the Christian Church certainly continue to fulfil these priestly functions.
The apostle Peter will speak of all believers as a “nation of Priests” meaning that we in a sense mediate/proclaim God to the nations. This “priesthood of all believers” coexists with the particular authority in teaching assigned only for Overseers.
The apostle Paul will happily refer to his own work as an apostle as his “Priestly duty of proclaiming the Gospel” (Rom 15:16). While Jesus’ offering of himself has uniquely qualified Jesus to mediate "atonement of sin” and the “acceptance of our service to God”, other aspects of the priestly role ARE carried out by apostles/ministers in the church. Paul will also speak of seeking present the church to Jesus as a holy bride - a priestly kind of work that Church overseers are also responsible for.
However, Jesus alone acts in the role of a HIGH PRIEST - making atonement and mediating God’s forgiveness to us, and our prayers to God.
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Following the birth of a boy or girl, two different rituals reflect the need to consecrate (sanctify, set apart for God) both the child and reproductive process.
For the birth of a boy, it is circumcision. For the birth of a girl, the mother’s own purification period is repeated/doubled.This is not because a female baby is more spiritually compromising! I think there is good reason to believe that the extended purification period functions as the baby girl’s “equivalent” to the boy’s circumcision.
The difference in ritual form is accounted for by the difference of the sex - “only females discharge menstrual blood, only males discharge semen — these instructions as a whole do not discriminate between the worth of men and women or the susceptibility of their bodies to impurity.”
(Samuel E. Balentine, Leviticus (Interpretation) (Louisville, KY: John Knox Press, 2002), 100.)The circumcision of the boy symbolised purification from “common” life, and consecration to a “holy” life - a life in which the boy’s procreative efforts are to be set apart in service of God. For examples of where circumcision symbolises being consecrated to God see Exodus 12:43-49 and Joshua 5:2-9. See also Colossians 2:11-12 below.
However, Circumcision is not an appropriate sign of consecration for a girl. Because a female child will herself one day be capable of menstruation and childbirth, the ritual purification period is doubled (in the place of circumcision) - once through to consecrate the mother, and a doubled time for the consecration of the baby girl. This reflects the Levitical categories of bodily discharge (Lev 15) where the purification of menstrual blood is ritually significant. Rabbinic commentators (in the Mishnah) also suggested the doubled time after a girl’s birth accounts for both the mother’s own postpartum bleeding and symbolically anticipates the baby daughter’s own future cycles.
New Testament echos: In the NT both circumcision and blood continue to be associated symbolically with being cleansed and setting apart for God.
Colossians 2:11–12 — Speaks of a circumcision made without hands by Christ, linked with putting off the body of flesh— a vivid “removal of impurity” image.
Hebrews 9:13-14 - 13 — Speaks of blood of the blood of Christ, which cleanses or purifies our consciences from acts that lead to death, so that we may be consecrated to serve the living God!
RESOURCE LINKS FROM AROUND THE WEB
A VISUAL OUTLINE OF LEVITICUS
A printable visualisation of the whole book of Leviticus
HEBREWS 9 and LEVITICUS 16 - by JAMES BEJON
An article exploring how LEVITICUS 16 & HEBREWS 9 relate to one another.
Specifically helpful in discussing the two Goats used on The Day of Atonement.
TEACHING LEVITICUS by JAY SKLAR
A Podcast Conversation